Sudo apt install -y -no-install-recommends mousepad file-roller thunar-volman Optional goodies The following command installs a terminal app, the Audacious audio player, the Ristretto image viewer, the Mousepad text editor, the File Roller archive manager, and the Thunar volume manager: sudo apt install -y -no-install-recommends xfce4-terminal audacious ristretto However, there are a few essential applications that I always like to install to round things out. At this point, you have a complete, lightweight system that you can boot into and use normally. So far, you've installed X Windows (X11), the Xfce Desktop Environment, and LightDM (a display manager, added with Xfce). Now it's time to customize the environment and install some essential applications. That's it! You now have X Windows (X11) and Xfce installed. Just use: sudo apt install -y -no-install-recommends xfce4 desktop-base lightdm Installing the Xfce desktop environment is super easy. When it comes to microcomputers, I prefer Xfce over the others because it's designed to work well on systems with limited resources, and you can customize the way it looks via themes, icons, and more. Instead, I recommend installing a modern desktop environment like Xfce, GNOME, or KDE. The windows manager that comes with X Windows is minimalist in a way that feels outdated. You could stop here and use X Windows as your desktop, if you want. Go a step further with Xfce Desktop Environment This saves a ton of space because the other recommended-but not necessarily needed-packages are not installed. With -no-install-recommends, only the main dependencies (the packages in the depends field) are installed. The following line will install the minimal set of packages needed to get X11 going: sudo apt install -y -no-install-recommends xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg xfonts-base xinit It is what allows you to interact with the computer using windows, a mouse, and a keyboard. X11 provides the basic framework for a GUI desktop environment. The X Window System, sometimes referred to as X11, is a basic windowing system common on Unix computer operating systems. To start, it's good to have a windowing system for the occasional time you want to connect to a Raspberry Pi with a graphical user interface (GUI). If you plan to use your Pi for a minimalist system to run scripts and services, you're pretty much done. After that's complete, check out the detailed installation guide covering how to burn a Raspberry Pi operating system image to an SD card using Linux, Windows, or macOS. Head over to the Raspberry Pi Foundation's website and download the Lite image. Everything from here on builds on this core. Consider this the foundation of your custom Raspberry Pi OS. This image contains only the core operating system and boots to a command line instead of a desktop. The "Lite" version of Raspberry Pi OS is really nothing more than a minimal image based on the latest version of Debian. Whitepaper: Data-intensive intelligent applications in a hybrid cloud blueprint.eBook: Running Kubernetes on your Raspberry Pi.Getting started with Raspberry Pi cheat sheet.
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